|
Restless Leg Syndrome
(RLS)
RLS is a sleep disorder
in which people have creeping or crawling sensations in their legs when they
sit or lie down in order to sleep and there is an irresistible urge to move
their legs. These sensations go away when the person gets up and walks around.
The sensations can cause discomfort and make it difficult to fall asleep. Many
people with this disorder spend their evenings and nights pacing the floor.
RLS can be due to a central nervous system disorder, or may be associated with
other medical conditions such as kidney disease, poor circulation in the legs,
alcoholism, neuropathy, vitamin or mineral deficiencies. Certain medications,
caffeine, smoking, etc. can also aggravate RLS.
RLS occurs in both sexes and although it is often diagnosed in older people,
the symptoms can begin at any time.
There is no laboratory test that can confirm a diagnosis of RLS. However, basic
lab tests may be done to rule out anemia (iron deficiency) that may be associated
with RLS. Diagnosis of RLS is most often made on the basis of a medical history.
People with RLS may complain of insomnia, difficulty sleeping, or daytime fatigue
and sleepiness.
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
(PLMD)
Most people
with RLS will have PLMD. People with PLMD are often not aware of these movements
and it is usually the bed partner who complains about the person's leg kicking
or jerking in sleep. PLMD typically occurs 20 to 40 seconds apart, on and off
during the night. Some people may have hundreds of leg jerking movements each
night that can lead to frequent arousals and disrupted sleep. People with PLMD
may experience trouble falling asleep and staying asleep, and may feel daytime
fatigue and/or sleepiness. Due to chronic sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness,
people may have problems with jobs, social life, and personal relationships
(due to mood swings).
An overnight sleep study may be required to determine whether PLMD or other
sleep-related physiological disturbances are present.
|
|
